Table of Contents
The Gospel and the Apostles:
A - The Synoptic Problem:
B - The Gospel of John:
C - The Apostolic Letters:
Communal Truth:
- APPENDIX
- Pages:
- 1 - Introduction
- 2 - Patristic Evidence
- 3 - Common Synoptic Material
- 4 - Displaced Triple Tradition
- 5 - The Double Tradition as per Q
- 6 - Mark as per Griesbach
- 7 - The Writing of Luke
- 8 - The Translation of Matthew
- 9 - Clarifying Verses Added to Matthew
- 10 - Semitic Matthew
- 11 - An Essay on the Prologue of John
- 12 - Bibliography
Appendix - Page 8
The Translation of Matthew
This table gives a detailed account of how the translator of Matthew would have used Mark and the provisionally reconstructed Semitic Matthew as his sources according to the theory proposed in this work. The Gospels have been divided into pericopes based on those in Aland’s Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum, and follow its numbering scheme. Some pericopes have been further subdivided (and designated “a” and “b” accordingly). A few pericopes in Mark have been placed in a different location than in the Synopsis to correspond more closely to Matthew’s order, and these pericopes are designated “x”, “y” and “z” accordingly (with the original pericope number in square brackets).
The column for Semitic Matthew lists specifically which verses in each pericope were included in the reconstructed text, all of which were then used in Greek Matthew. Pericopes which are not parallel to Mark are shown in blue and pericopes which are parallel in indigo. The column for Mark shows those pericopes which the translator did use which are not parallel to Semitic Matthew in red and pericopes which are parallel in indigo. Material the translator did not use is grey. The column for Greek Matthew shows pericopes the translator took entirely from Semitic Matthew in blue, pericopes he took entirely from Mark in red, and pericopes where he merged the accounts from both his sources in purple (the intersection of Matthew’s blue with Mark’s red).
The column between Mark and Greek Matthew shows specifically which verses from Mark were used by the translator. Verses in parentheses are verses from a different context in Mark which have a loose parallel with verses in the corresponding pericope in Greek Matthew. Pericopes marked “to” and “from” show passages which have been displaced in Greek Matthew, with the number references representing the pericope designations in the first column.
It is highly probable that some material may have been in a different order in the second half of Semitic Matthew (where the translator follows the order of Mark), but for clarity the order of Greek Matthew is here followed exactly.
| Pericope | Pericope Description | Mark | ---> | Greek Matthew | <--- Semitic Matthew |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Narratives | |||||
| 6 | The Genealogy of Jesus | 1:1-17 | 1:1-17 | ||
| 7a | The Promise and Birth of Jesus | 1:18-25 | 1:18-25 | ||
| 9b | The Magi Adore the Infant Jesus | 2:1-12 | 2:1-12 | ||
| 10 | The Flight into Egypt and Return | 2:13-21 | 2:13-21 | ||
| 11 | The Childhood of Jesus at Nazareth | 2:22-23 | 2:22-23 | ||
| 1st Discourse - The Sermon on the Mount | |||||
| 13 | John the Baptist | 1:1-6 | 1:3-5 | 3:1-6 | 3:1-3,5-6 |
| 14 | John's Preaching of Repentance | 3:7-10 | 3:7-10 | ||
| 16 | John's Messianic Preaching | 1:7-8 | 1:7-8 | 3:11-12 | 3:11-12 |
| 18 | The Baptism of Jesus | 1:9-11 | 1:9-11 | 3:13-17 | 3:13-17 |
| 20a | In the Wilderness | 1:12-13 | 1:12-13 | 4:1-2 | 4:1-2 |
| 20b | The Temptation | 4:3-11 | 4:3-11 | ||
| 30 | The Journey into Galilee | 1:14 | 1:14 | 4:12 | 4:12 |
| 32 | Ministry in Galilee | 4:13-16 | 4:13-16 | ||
| 34 | The Call of the Disciples | 1:15-20 | 1:15-20 | 4:17-22 | |
| 40 | First Preaching Tour in Galilee | from 88y | 1:39 | 4:23 | 4:23 |
| 50 | Occasion of the Sermon | (3:7-8) | 4:24-5:2 | 4:24-5:2 | |
| 51 | The Beatitudes | 5:3-12 | 5:3-12 | ||
| 52 | The Salt of the Earth | (9:49-50) | 5:13 | 5:13 | |
| 53 | The Light of the World | (4:21) | 5:14-16 | 5:14-16 | |
| 54 | On the Law and the Prophets | 5:17-20 | 5:17-20 | ||
| 55 | On Murder and Wrath | 5:21-26 | 5:21-26 | ||
| 56a | On Adultery | (9:43) | 5:27-30 | 5:27-30 | |
| 56b | On Divorce | (10:11-12) | 5:31-32 | 5:31-32 | |
| 57 | On Oaths | 5:33-37 | 5:33-37 | ||
| 59 | On Love of One's Enemies | 5:38-48 | 5:38-48 | ||
| 60 | On Almsgiving | 6:1-4 | 6:1-4 | ||
| 61 | On Prayer | 6:5-6 | 6:5-6 | ||
| 62 | The Lord's Prayer | (11:25-26) | 6:7-15 | 6:7-15 | |
| 63 | On Fasting | 6:16-18 | 6:16-18 | ||
| 64 | On Treasures | 6:19-21 | 6:19-21 | ||
| 65 | The Sound Eye | 6:22-23 | 6:22-23 | ||
| 66 | On Serving Two Masters | 6:24 | 6:24 | ||
| 67 | On Anxiety | 6:25-34 | 6:25-34 | ||
| 68 | On Judging | (4:24) | 7:1-5 | 7:1-5 | |
| 69 | On Profaning the Holy | 7:6 | 7:6 | ||
| 70 | God's Answering of Prayer | 7:7-11 | 7:7-11 | ||
| 71 | The Golden Rule | 7:12 | 7:12 | ||
| 72 | The Two Ways | 7:13-14 | 7:13-14 | ||
| 73a | By their Fruits | 7:15-20 | 7:15-20 | ||
| 74 | Saying Lord Lord | 7:21-23 | 7:21-23 | ||
| 75 | The House Built upon the Rock | 7:24-27 | 7:24-27 | ||
| 76 | The Effect of the Sermon | 1:21-22 | 1:22 | 7:28-8:1 | 7:28;8:1 |
| 2nd Discourse - Discipleship | |||||
| 84 | Cleansing the Leper | from 88z | 1:40-42,44 | 8:2-4 | |
| 85 | The Centurion of Capernaum | 8:5-13 | 8:5-13 | ||
| 85x [36] | The Healing of the Demoniac | 1:23-28 | |||
| 87 | Healing of Peter's Mother-in-law | 1:29-31 | 1:29-31 | 8:14-15 | |
| 88 | The Sick Healed at Evening | 1:32-34 | 1:32,34 | 8:16 | |
| 88x [39] | Jesus Departs from Capernaum | 1:35-38 | |||
| 88y [40] | First Preaching Tour in Galilee | 1:39 | to 40 | ||
| 88z [42] | The Cleansing of the Leper | 1:40-45 | to 84 | ||
| 89 | On Following Jesus | from 136 | 4:35 | 8:17-23 | 8:17-23 |
| 90 | Stilling the Storm | from 136 | 4:36-39,41 | 8:24-27 | |
| 91 | The Gadarene Demoniacs | from 137 | 5:1-2,4,7,11-15,17 | 8:28-9:1 | 8:28-32;9:1 |
| 92 | The Healing of the Paralytic | 2:1-12 | 2:1,3,5-12 | 9:2-8 | |
| 93 | The Call of Levi | 2:13-17 | 2:14-17 | 9:9-13 | 9:10-13 |
| 94 | The Question about Fasting | 2:18-22 | 2:18-22 | 9:14-17 | |
| 95 | Jairus' Daughter and the Woman | from 138 | 5:22-25,27-28,34,38-42 | 9:18-26 | 9:18-19,23-26 |
| 96 | Two Blind Men | (10:46-52) | 9:27-31 | 9:27-31 | |
| 97 | The Dumb Demoniac | (3:22) | 9:32-34 | 9:32-34 | |
| 98 | The Harvest Is Great | (6:6,34) | 9:35-38 | 9:35-38 | |
| 99a | The Choosing of the Twelve | from 113x | 3:13-19 | 10:1-4 | 10:1-4 |
| 99b | Commissioning the Twelve | from 142 | 6:7-11 | 10:5-16 | 10:5-16 |
| 100 | The Fate of the Disciples | from 289a | 13:9,11-13 | 10:17-22 | |
| 101 | Exhortation to Fearless Confession | (4:22;8:38) | 10:23-33 | 10:23-33 | |
| 102 | Divisions within Households | 10:34-36 | 10:34-36 | ||
| 103 | Conditions of Discipleship | (8:34-35) | 10:37-39 | 10:37-39 | |
| 104 | Rewards of Discipleship | (9:41) | 10:40-42 | 10:40-42 | |
| 3rd Discourse - Parables of the Kingdom | |||||
| 105 | Continuation of Journey | 11:1 | 11:1 | ||
| 106 | John the Baptist's Question | 11:2-6 | 11:2-6 | ||
| 107 | Jesus' Witness concerning John | (1:2) | 11:7-19 | 11:7-19 | |
| 108 | Woes Pronounced on Galilean Cities | 11:20-24 | 11:20-24 | ||
| 109 | Jesus' Thanksgiving to the Father | 11:25-27 | 11:25-27 | ||
| 110 | Come to Me | 11:28-30 | 11:28-30 | ||
| 111 | Plucking Grain on the Sabbath | 2:23-28 | 2:23-26,28 | 12:1-8 | 12:1-7 |
| 112 | Healing the Withered Hand | 3:1-6 | 3:1-2,4-6 | 12:9-14 | 12:9-14 |
| 113 | Jesus Heals Multitudes by the Sea | 3:7-12 | 3:7,10,12 | 12:15-21 | 12:15,17-21 |
| 113x [49] | The Choosing of the Twelve | 3:13-19 | to 99a | ||
| 116 | Jesus Is Thought to be Beside Himself | 3:20-21 | |||
| 117 | On Collusion with Satan | 3:22-27 | 3:22-27 | 12:22-30 | 12:22-28,30 |
| 118a | The Sin against the Holy Spirit | 3:28-30 | 3:28-29 | 12:31-32 | 12:31-32 |
| 118b | Good Treasure | 12:33-37 | 12:33-37 | ||
| 119 | The Sign of Jonah | (8:11-12) | 12:38-42 | 12:38-42 | |
| 120 | The Return of the Evil Spirit | 12:43-45 | 12:43-45 | ||
| 121 | Jesus' True Kindred | 3:31-35 | 3:31-35 | 12:46-50 | |
| 122 | The Parable of the Sower | 4:1-9 | 4:1-9 | 13:1-9 | 13:1-3 |
| 123a | The Reason for Speaking in Parables | 4:10-12 | 4:10-12 (;4:25) | 13:10-15 | 13:10-15 |
| 123b | The Blessedness of the Disciples | 13:16-17 | 13:16-17 | ||
| 124 | Interpretation of the Parable of the Sower | 4:13-20 | 4:14-20 | 13:18-23 | |
| 125 | He who has Ears to Hear | 4:21-25 | (to 53,101,68,123a) | ||
| 126 | The Parable of the Seed Growing Secretly | 4:26-29 | |||
| 127 | The Parable of the Tares | 13:24-30 | 13:24-30 | ||
| 128 | The Parable of the Mustard Seed | 4:30-32 | 4:30-32 | 13:31-32 | |
| 129 | The Parable of the Leaven | 13:33 | 13:33 | ||
| 130 | Jesus' Use of Parables | 4:33-34 | 4:33-34 | 13:34-35 | 13:34-35 |
| 131 | Interpretation of the Parable of the Tares | 13:36-43 | 13:36-43 | ||
| 132 | The Parable of the Hidden Treasure | 13:44-46 | 13:44-46 | ||
| 133 | The Parable of the Net | 13:47-50 | 13:47-50 | ||
| 134 | Treasures New and Old | 13:51-53 | 13:51-53 | ||
| 136 | Stilling the Storm | 4:35-41 | to 89,90 | ||
| 137 | The Gerasene Demoniac | 5:1-20 | to 91 | ||
| 138 | Jairus' Daughter and the Woman | 5:21-43 | to 95 | ||
| 4th Discourse - The Community | |||||
| 139 | Jesus is Rejected at Nazareth | 6:1-6 | 6:1-6 | 13:54-58 | |
| 142 | Commissioning the Twelve | 6:7-13 | to 99b | ||
| 143 | Opinions regarding Jesus | 6:14-16 | 6:14 | 14:1-2 | |
| 144a | The Imprisonment of John the Baptist | 6:17-20 | 6:17-20 | 14:3-5 | |
| 144b | The Death of John the Baptist | 6:21-29 | 6:21-29 | 14:6-12 | |
| 145 | The Return of the Apostles | 6:30-31 | |||
| 146 | Five Thousand are Fed | 6:32-44 | 6:32-39,41-44 | 14:13-21 | |
| 147 | The Walking on the Water | 6:45-53 | 6:45-51,53 | 14:22-34 | 14:22-34 |
| 148 | Healings at Gennesaret | 6:54-56 | 6:54-56 | 14:35-36 | |
| 150 | Defilement - Traditional and Real | 7:1-23 | 7:1,5-23 | 15:1-20 | 15:10-14 |
| 151 | The Syrophoenician Woman | 7:24-30 | 7:24-30 | 15:21-28 | 15:21-28 |
| 152 | Jesus Heals a Deaf Mute | 7:31-37 | 7:31-32,35,37 | 15:29-31 | |
| 153 | Four Thousand are Fed | 8:1-10 | 8:1-10 | 15:32-39 | |
| 154 | The Pharisees Seek a Sign | 8:11-13 | 8:11-13 | 16:1-4 | 16:1-4 |
| 155 | The Leaven of the Pharisees | 8:14-21 | 8:14-21 | 16:5-12 | |
| 156 | A Blind Man is Healed at Bethsaida | 8:22-26 | |||
| 158 | Peter's Confession | 8:27-30 | 8:27-30 | 16:13-20 | 16:13-19 |
| 159 | Jesus Foretells His Passion | 8:31-33 | 8:31-33 | 16:21-23 | 16:21-23 |
| 160 | If Any Man would Come after Me | 8:34-9:1 | 8:34-9:1 | 16:24-28 | |
| 161 | The Transfiguration | 9:2-10 | 9:2-9 | 17:1-9 | 17:1-3,5-9 |
| 162 | The Coming of Elijah | 9:11-13 | 9:11-13 | 17:10-13 | |
| 163 | Jesus Heals a Boy Possessed | 9:14-29 | 9:14-15,17-19,22,25-29 | 17:14-21 | |
| 164 | Jesus Foretells His Passion again | 9:30-32 | 9:30-32 | 17:22-23 | |
| 165 | Payment of the Temple Tax | 17:24-27 | 17:24-27 | ||
| 166 | True Greatness | 9:33-37 | 9:34,36-37 (;10:15) | 18:1-5 | 18:1-5 |
| 167 | The Strange Exorcist | 9:38-41 | (to 104) | ||
| 168 | Warnings concerning Temptations | 9:42-50 | 9:42-48 | 18:6-9 | 18:6-7 |
| 169 | The Parable of the Lost Sheep | 18:10-14 | 18:10-14 | ||
| 170 | On Reproving One's Brother | 18:15-18 | 18:15-18 | ||
| 171 | Where Two or Three are Gathered | 18:19-20 | 18:19-20 | ||
| 172 | On Reconciliation | 18:21-22 | 18:21-22 | ||
| 173 | The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant | 18:23-35 | 18:23-35 | ||
| 5th Discourse - The Coming of the Son of Man | |||||
| 251 | Departure to Judea | 10:1 | 10:1 | 19:1-2 | 19:1 |
| 252 | On Divorce and Celibacy | 10:2-12 | 10:2-11 | 19:3-12 | 19:3-12 |
| 253 | Jesus Blesses the Children | 10:13-16 | 10:13-14,16 | 19:13-15 | |
| 254 | The Rich Young Man | 10:17-22 | 10:17-22 | 19:16-22 | |
| 255a | On Riches | 10:23-27 | 10:23-27 | 19:23-26 | |
| 255b | The Rewards of Discipleship | 10:28-31 | 10:28-31 | 19:27-30 | 19:27-29 |
| 256 | The Parable of the Labourers in Vineyard | 20:1-16 | 20:1-16 | ||
| 262 | The Third Prediction of the Passion | 10:32-34 | 10:32-34 | 20:17-19 | |
| 263a | The Sons of Zebedee | 10:35-40 | 10:35-40 | 20:20-23 | |
| 263b | Precedence among the Disciples | 10:41-45 | 10:41-45 | 20:24-28 | |
| 264 | The Healing of the Blind Men | 10:46-52 | 10:46-49,51-52 | 20:29-34 | |
| 269 | The Triumphal Entry | 11:1-10 | 11:1-4,7-10 | 21:1-9 | 21:1-9 |
| 271 | Jesus in Jerusalem | 11:11 | 11:11,15,17 | 21:10-17 | 21:10-11,14-16 |
| 272 | The Cursing of the Fig Tree | 11:12-14 | 11:12-14 | 21:18-19 | |
| 273 | The Cleansing of the Temple | 11:15-17 | to 271 | ||
| 274 | The Chief Priests Conspire against Jesus | 11:18-19 | (to 305) | ||
| 275 | The Fig Tree Is Withered | 11:20-26 | 11:21-24 | 21:20-22 | |
| 276 | The Question about Authority | 11:27-33 | 11:27-33 | 21:23-27 | |
| 277 | The Parable of the Two Sons | 21:28-32 | 21:28-32 | ||
| 278 | The Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen | 12:1-12 | 12:1-12 | 21:33-46 | 21:42-45 |
| 279 | The Parable of the Great Supper | 22:1-15 | 22:1-15 | ||
| 280 | On Paying Tribute to Caesar | 12:13-17 | 12:13-17 | 22:16-22 | |
| 281 | The Question about the Resurrection | 12:18-27 | 12:18-27 | 22:23-33 | |
| 282 | The Great Commandment | 12:28-34 | 12:28-31 | 22:34-40 | 22:35-40 |
| 283 | The Question about David's Son | 12:35-37 | 12:35-37 | 22:41-46 | |
| 284a | Beware of the Scribes | 12:38-40 | 12:38-40 | 23:1-7 | 23:1-7 |
| 284b | Woe to the Scribes and Pharisees | 23:8-36 | 23:8-13,15-36 | ||
| 285 | Jesus' Lament over Jerusalem | 23:37-39 | 23:37-39 | ||
| 286 | The Widow's Mite | 12:41-44 | |||
| 287 | Prediction of the Destruction of Temple | 13:1-2 | 13:1-2 | 24:1-2 | 24:1 |
| 288 | Signs before the End | 13:3-8 | 13:3-8 | 24:3-8 | 24:3-5 |
| 289a | Persecutions Foretold | 13:9-13 | to 100 | ||
| 289b | Many Will Fall Away | (13:13) | 24:9-14 | 24:9-12,14 | |
| 290 | The Desolating Sacrilege | 13:14-20 | 13:14-20 | 24:15-22 | |
| 291 | False Christs and False Prophets | 13:21-23 | 13:21-23 | 24:23-28 | 24:26-28 |
| 292 | The Coming of the Son of Man | 13:24-27 | 13:24-27 | 24:29-31 | 24:29-31 |
| 293 | The Time of the Coming | 13:28-32 | 13:28-32 | 24:32-36 | |
| 294 | Take Heed Watch | 13:33-37 | (to 298,299,296) | ||
| 296 | The Parable of the Flood | (13:35) | 24:37-44 | 24:37-44 | |
| 297 | The Parable of the Good Servants | 24:45-51 | 24:45-51 | ||
| 298 | The Parable of the Ten Virgins | (13:33) | 25:1-13 | 25:1-13 | |
| 299 | The Parable of the Talents | (13:34) | 25:14-30 | 25:14-30 | |
| 300 | The Last Judgement | 25:31-46 | 25:31-46 | ||
| The Passion and Resurrection | |||||
| 305 | Jesus' Death is Premeditated | 14:1-2 | 14:1-2 (;11:18-19) | 26:1-5 | 26:1-4 |
| 306 | The Anointing in Bethany | 14:3-9 | 14:3-9 | 26:6-13 | |
| 307 | The Betrayal by Judas | 14:10-11 | 14:10-11 | 26:14-16 | 26:14-15 |
| 308 | Preparation for the Passover | 14:12-17 | 14:12-14,16-17 | 26:17-20 | 26:17,19-20 |
| 310 | Jesus Foretells His Betrayal | 14:18-21 | 14:18-21 | 26:21-25 | 26:21,25 |
| 311 | The Last Supper | 14:22-25 | 14:22-25 | 26:26-30 | 26:26-28,30 |
| 315 | Peter's Denial Predicted | 14:26-31 | 14:26-31 | 26:31-35 | |
| 330 | Gethsemane | 14:32-42 | 14:32-42 | 26:36-46 | |
| 331a | Jesus Arrested | 14:43-50 | 14:43-50 | 26:47-56 | 26:47,50-54,56 |
| 331b | A Young Man Flees | 14:51-52 | |||
| 332 | Jesus before the Sanhedrin | 14:53-65 | 14:53-58,60-65 | 26:57-68 | 26:57,63-65,67-68 |
| 333a | Peter's Denial | 14:66-72 | 14:66-72 | 26:69-75 | |
| 334 | Jesus Delivered to Pilate | 15:1 | 15:1 | 27:1-2 | 27:1-2 |
| 335 | The Death of Judas | 27:3-10 | 27:3-10 | ||
| 336 | The Trial before Pilate | 15:2-5 | 15:2-5 | 27:11-14 | 27:11 |
| 339 | Jesus or Barabbas | 15:6-14 | 15:6-14 | 27:15-23 | 27:15-22 |
| 341 | Pilate Delivers Jesus to be Crucified | 15:15 | 15:15 | 27:24-26 | 27:24-26 |
| 342 | Jesus Mocked by the Soldiers | 15:16-20 | 15:16-20 | 27:27-31 | 27:27-31 |
| 343a | The Road to Golgotha | 15:21 | 15:21 | 27:32 | |
| 344 | The Crucifixion | 15:22-26 | 15:22-26 | 27:33-37 | 27:35-37 |
| 345 | Jesus Derided on the Cross | 15:27-31 | 15:27-31 | 27:38-43 | 27:39-43 |
| 346 | The Two Thieves | 15:32 | 15:32 | 27:44 | |
| 347 | The Death of Jesus | 15:33-39 | 15:33-39 | 27:45-54 | 27:46,50-54 |
| 348 | Witnesses of the Crucifixion | 15:40-41 | 15:40-41 | 27:55-56 | 27:55-56 |
| 350 | The Burial of Jesus | 15:42-47 | 15:42-43,45-47 | 27:57-61 | 27:57-61 |
| 351 | The Guard at the Tomb | 27:62-66 | 27:62-66 | ||
| 352 | The Women at the Tomb | 16:1-8 | 16:1-2,4-8 | 28:1-8 | 28:1-8 |
| 353 | Jesus Appears to the Women | [16:9-11] | 28:9-10 | 28:9-10 | |
| 354 | The Report of the Guard | 28:11-15 | 28:11-15 | ||
| 364 | The Great Commission | [16:15-18] | 28:16-20 | 28:16-20 | |